Team 1 Presentation

# Smart Energy Monitor
### Team 01

.TitleAuthor[James Bao, Dylan Chamberlain, Ammaar Marzook, and Rishi Shukla]

---

.logo-slide[]
.footer[[James Bao](https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamesnzl), [Dylan Chamberlain](https://www.linkedin.com/in/dylanchambo), [Ammaar Marzook](https://www.linkedin.com/in/ammaar-marzook-1b455b234), and [Rishi Shukla](https://www.linkedin.com/in/rishi-shukla-3896721b2), Department of Electrical, Computer, and Software Engineering (2022)]

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# Project Goal

🎯 To design and develop an energy monitor that may be used in a smart house to measure and display the amount of energy consumed by appliances.

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# Implementation Overview

.left-column[
- 🔌 Monitoring of real power consumption
- 📏 Precise measurements of voltage and current
- 🔁 Firmware state machine to manage complexity
- 🔊 Output over UART and Bluetooth® Low Energy
- 📺 Built-in 7-segment display
- 💻 Feature-rich and fully-responsive web application
- 🧑‍💼 Industry-inspired project management
 - ✅ GitHub Issues & Pull Requests
 - 💬 Slack
 - 📝 Notion
]
.right-column[<img src='img/Box.png' width='85%' />]

---

# Project Management (PI)

.left-column[
- **Git & GitHub**
  - Version control, issue tracking, feature branches, and pull requests
  - Collaborative development and review

<img src='img/Milestones.png' width='85%' />
]
.right-column[<img src='img/GitLog.gif' width='115%' style='margin-left: -15%;' />]

---

# Project Management (PII)

- **Git & GitHub**
  - Version control, issue tracking, feature branches, and pull requests
  - Collaborative development and review

---

# Project Management (PIII)

- **Slack**
  - Medium to discuss problems or schedule meetings, and consulting lecturers & TAs for support

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# Project Management (PIV)

- **Notion**
  - Consolidation of project documentation and meeting notes

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# Hardware Implementation (PI)

.left-column[
- **MATLAB Validation Script**
    - Implemented a script to validate hardware values
    - Performs a Monte Carlo-esque analysis across the entire project specification range using vectors and matrices

.center[
 <img src='img/MATLAB.png' width='72.5%' />
 ]
]
.right-column[
<img src='img/MATLABOutput1.png' width='100%' />
<img src='img/MATLABOutput2.png' width='100%' />
]

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# Hardware Implementation (PII)

- **Precision Current Shunt Resistor**
 - Procured a precision $100\,\text{m}\Omega \pm 1\%$ shunt resistor from Digi-Key®
 - Simplifies our board layout and reduces part count

---

# Hardware Implementation (PIII)

.left-column[
- **Second Order Filter**
  - Second-order low-pass differential filters
  - Increased attenuation of high-frequency noise
  - Ensures a clean signal is provided to the ADC

- **Phase-Preserved Filters**
  - Deliberately selected $RC$ filter values to apply same phase offset to both signals
  - Maximises accuracy as there is no net phase shift between voltage and current waveforms
]

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# Hardware Implementation (PIV)

.left-column[
- **Surface Mount Design**
  - An extra challenge to learn and experience
  - Mimic industry standards of PCB design
  - More compact and portable
- **PCB Design Features**
  - Large copper pours to maximise power carrying capability
  - Separation of power ground and signal ground
  - Designed to fit in the palm of a hand ($62\,\text{mm}\times72\,\text{mm}$)
  - Logical layout
     - Separated functional blocks
     - Minimised trace lengths for noise resilience
     - Integrated 7-segment display
]

---

# Hardware Implementation (PV)

.center[
<img src='img/PCB1.png' width='30%'>  
<img src='img/PCB2.png' width='30%'>  
<img src='img/PCB3.png' width='30%' />
]

---

# Hardware Implementation (PVI)

.left-column[
- **On-Board Microcontroller**
  - Match industry practice
     - Design for manufacture (DFM)
  - More resilient to noise from shortest possible traces
  - Avoid costly development board

- **BLE Module**
 - Communicate via serial terminal
 - Mobile phone
 - Smart Energy Challenge web application
 - Transmit UART output wirelessly
 - Receive calibrated gains
]
.right-column[
<img src='img/PCBReal.png' width='105%' style='margin-left: -5%;' />
]

---

# Firmware Implementation (PI)

- We wanted to ensure that our firmware was **elegant**, **efficient**, and **modular**

---

# Firmware Implementation (PII)

- **State Machine**
    - Manage timings and simplify complexity

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# Firmware Implementation (PIII)

- **Free-Running ADC**
  - Maximise our sampling frequency
  - Non-integer multiple of signal frequency to capture more information

- **Rolling Buffer**
  - Ergonomically take rolling averages of processed voltage, current, and power
  - Implemented as a circular/ring buffer to reuse same contiguous memory space

- **ADC & Display Synchronisation**
  - Selected display refresh rate to roughly align with ADC sampling period

---

# Software Implementation (PI)

.left-column[
- **Technology Stack**
   - Next.js with React, and deployed on Vercel
   - Firebase with Firestore as a database
   - Browser's `WebBluetooth` API

- **Application Features**
   - Fully-tested light & dark mode
   - Fully responsive, with a mobile-first design
   - [Open Graph](https://ogp.me/) protocol for SEO and social media link previews

🌐 Check it out at [**cs209.jamesnzl.xyz**](https://cs209.jamesnzl.xyz)
]
.right-column[
<img src='img/SoftwareMobile.jpg' width='68%' />
]

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# Software Implementation (PII)

- **Light and Dark Modes**
 - Defaults to browser/system preference
 
.center[
<img src='img/Software.png' width='48%' />  
<img src='img/MonitorLight.png' width='48%' />
]

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# Software Implementation (PIII)

- **Open Graph Metadata**
   - Search engine optimisation and social media link previews

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# Software Implementation (PIV)

- **Monitor Page**
   - Plots historical data from Firestore and new data in real-time
   - [`em6`](http://em6live.co.nz/) API to retrieve Auckland's current energy price and carbon emissions
   - Zoom on $x$-axis

.center[
<img src='img/MonitorDark.png' width='43%' />  
<img src='img/MonitorZoom.png' width='29%' />  
]

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# Software Implementation (PV)

- **Calibration Page**
  - Quickly view sampled ADC waveforms and calibrate digital signal processing gains
  - Switch between `Samples` and `Gains` mode

.center[
<img src='img/CalibrateSamples.png' width='47%' />
<img src='img/CalibrateGains.png' width='47%' />
]

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# Software Implementation (PVI)

- **Samples Mode**
   - Plot sampled waveforms from serial data
   - Display received data in a serial terminal

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# Software Implementation (PVII)

- **Gains Mode**
   - Input fields to re-calibrate voltage and current gains
   - Received with UART and persisted in EEPROM

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# Hardware Enclosure

- 3D printed enclosure for our Smart Energy Monitor
- Protects both the board and the user
- Gives a more polished aesthetic to blend into the environment

.center[
<img src='img/MonitorInBox1.png' width='20%' />        
<img src='img/MonitorInBox2.png' width='25%' />
]

---

# Future Improvements

.left-column[
- **Hardware**
 - Crystal on top of the board
 - DFM (design for manufacture)
 - Better BLE Module
 - BOM consolidation
- **Firmware**
 - Implement gain calibration
 - UART Rx
 - EEPROM
- **Software**
 - Monitor fingerprinting/UUIDs
 - Graph usability
 - Filters and aggregate reporting
]
.right-column[
 
 
 
<img src='img/Gains.png' width='160%' style='margin-left: -65%' />
]

---

# Ngā mihi nui!

#### 🙏 Thank you to Duleepa and all other COMPSYS 209 staff for their valuable time, advice, and feedback.

### Want more?
#### Check out our full project documentation at [**cs209.jamesnzl.xyz/documentation**](https://cs209.jamesnzl.xyz/documentation)!